I. General Temperature Standards for Cold Chain Logistics
Cold chain logistics hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj khoom los ntawm ib cheeb tsam kub mus rau lwm qhov hauv qhov ntsuas kub, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb.Cov hlua txias yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, tshuaj, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb.Qhov ntsuas kub dav dav rau cov hlua txias yog nruab nrab ntawm -18 ° C thiab 8 ° C, tab sis cov khoom sib txawv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
1.1 Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Kub
Qhov kub thiab txias rau cov chains txias sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom.Cov kab mob khaub thuas sib kis kub yog raws li nram no:
1. Ultra-low kub: qis dua -60 ° C, xws li cov pa oxygen thiab kua nitrogen.
2. Sib sib zog nqus khov: -60 ° C txog -30 ° C, xws li cov dej khov thiab cov nqaij khov.
3. Cia txias: -30 ° C txog -18 ° C, xws li cov nqaij nruab deg khov thiab cov nqaij tshiab.
4. Sib sib zog nqus khov: -18 ° C txog -12 ° C, xws li surimi thiab ntses nqaij.
5. Lub tub yees: -12 ° C txog 8 ° C, xws li cov khoom noj siv mis thiab cov khoom noj nqaij.
6. Chav ntsuas kub: 8 ° C txog 25 ° C, xws li zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
1.2 Kev ntsuas kub rau ntau hom khoom
Cov khoom sib txawv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Nov yog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom siv:
1. Cov Khoom Noj Tshiab: Feem ntau yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 0 ° C thiab 4 ° C kom tswj tau qhov tshiab thiab saj, thaum tiv thaiv overcooling los yog lwj.
2. Frozen Food: Yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab thauj hauv qab -18 ° C kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nyab xeeb.
3. Pharmaceuticals: Yuav tsum tau ceev cia thiab thauj cov xwm txheej, feem ntau khaws cia ntawm 2 ° C thiab 8 ° C.
4. Tshuaj pleev ib ce: Yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub uas tsim nyog thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los kom tsis txhob ya raws los yog lwj, feem ntau yog khaws cia ntawm 2 ° C thiab 25 ° C, nyob ntawm seb hom khoom.
II.Cov Qauv Kub Tshwj Xeeb rau Kev Lag Luam Pharmaceutical thiab Food Industries
2.1 Pharmaceutical Cold Chain Thauj
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khaub thuas saw thauj, dhau li ntawm -25 ° C txog -15 ° C, 2 ° C txog 8 ° C, 2 ° C txog 25 ° C, thiab 15 ° C txog 25 ° C kub, muaj lwm yam tshwj xeeb. cov cheeb tsam kub, xws li:
- ≤-20 ° C
-25 ° C rau -20 ° C
-20 ° C txog -10 ° C
-0 ° C txog 4 ° C
-0 ° C txog 5 ° C
-10 ° C txog 20 ° C
-20 ° C txog 25 ° C
2.2 Khoom noj Cold Chain Thauj
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj txias saw thauj, dhau li ntawm ≤-10 ° C, ≤0 ° C, 0 ° C mus rau 8 ° C, thiab 0 ° C txog 25 ° C kub yuav tsum tau, muaj lwm yam kub qhov chaw, xws li:
- ≤ -18 ° C
-10 ° C txog 25 ° C
Cov qauv ntsuas kub no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus raug thauj thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tswj hwm lawv qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb.
III.Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Tswj Kub Kub
3.1 Kev Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj Kub
3.1.1 Khoom noj khoom haus zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb
1. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov khoom noj kom zoo thiab ua kom cov neeg siv khoom noj qab haus huv.Qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm microbial, ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, thiab hloov lub cev, cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb thiab saj.
2. Kev ua raws li kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sij hawm thauj khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom noj.Kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los tau zoo pab cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob, ua kom cov zaub mov ruaj khov.(Cov khoom noj hauv tub yees yuav tsum khaws cia qis dua 5 ° C, thiab cov zaub mov siav yuav tsum khaws cia siab tshaj 60 ° C ua ntej noj. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias cia qis dua 5 ° C lossis siab tshaj 60 ° C, qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob qeeb lossis nres, Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj zaub mov zoo Qhov kub ntawm 5 ° C mus rau 60 ° C yog qhov chaw txaus ntshai rau cov khoom noj khoom haus uas khaws cia hauv chav sov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov kub, yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tawm ntau tshaj 2 teev txawm tias thaum twg khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob khaws cia ntev dhau ua ntej noj, rov ua kom sov yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej cov khoom noj khoom haus kub siab tshaj 70 ° C, nrog rau lub sij hawm cua sov txaus nyob ntawm qhov loj me, cov khoom hloov hluav taws xob, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov pib. zaub mov kom ua tiav kom tsis muaj menyuam.)
3.1.2 Txo cov khib nyiab thiab txo cov nqi
1. Kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txo qhov poob thiab pov tseg los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev puas tsuaj.Los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kho qhov kub thiab txias, lub txee lub neej ntawm cov zaub mov tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, txo qis rov qab thiab poob, thiab txhim kho cov saw hlau ua haujlwm.
2. Kev ua raws li kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txo cov nqi khiav haujlwm.Los ntawm kev txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los thiab txo cov teeb meem xws li cov tub yees xau, cov hom phiaj kev thauj mus los tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav.
3.1.3 Kev Cai Lij Choj thiab Kev Ua Raws Cai
1. Ntau lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam muaj kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias rau kev cia khoom noj thiab kev thauj mus los.Kev tsis ua raws li cov cai no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev poob nyiaj txiag, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub tuam txhab lub koob npe nrov.
2. Cov tuam txhab muag khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov qauv hauv tsev, xws li HACCP (Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb) thiab GMP (Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo), kom ntseeg tau cov zaub mov muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo.
3.1.4 Kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab lub koob npe nrov
1. Cov neeg tau txais kev pab xav tau zaub mov tshiab thiab nyab xeeb.Kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua kom zoo thiab saj ntawm cov zaub mov thaum lub sij hawm faib khoom, ua kom cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab.
2. Muab cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws pab tsim thiab tswj kom muaj lub hom phiaj zoo, txhim kho kev lag luam kev sib tw, thiab nyiam cov neeg siv khoom ntau dua.
3.1.5 Kev ua lag luam sib tw zoo
1. Hauv kev lag luam muag khoom noj khoom haus muaj kev sib tw, kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv.Cov tuam txhab uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem muab cov kev pabcuam txhim khu kev qha thiab ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
2. Kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus los nthuav qhia lawv cov kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov, tsim kom muaj kev sib tw zoo hauv kev ua lag luam.
3.1.6 Environmental Friendliness thiab Sustainable Development
1. Los ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias, cov tuam txhab muag khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog thiab cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom, ua raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
2. Kev siv cov tub yees zoo ib puag ncig thiab cov thev naus laus zis tswj qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, pab cov tuam txhab ua tiav cov luag haujlwm hauv zej zog thiab txhim kho lawv cov duab.
3.2 Pharmaceutical Temperature Control
Pharmaceuticals yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev nyab xeeb.Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev khaws cia, qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj.Kev cia khoom tsis txaus thiab kev thauj mus los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj hauv tub yees, tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis, ua kom lwj, lossis ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv.
Piv txwv li, qhov ntsuas kub cia cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj zoo hauv ntau txoj hauv kev.Qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tsis haum, thaum qhov kub tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau qee cov tshuaj ua rau lwj, xws li emulsions khov thiab poob lawv lub peev xwm emulsifying tom qab thawing.Kev hloov kub tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj, cuam tshuam rau oxidation, decomposition, hydrolysis, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob.
Qhov ntsuas kub cia zoo heev cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj.Kev kub siab lossis qis qis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj zoo.Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj soluble dej tuaj yeem tawg yog tias khaws cia qis dua 0 ° C.Cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm lub xeev hloov nrog qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj ntseg zoo.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub txee lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb.Lub txee lub neej yog hais txog lub sijhawm uas cov tshuaj zoo tseem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.Raws li ib qho piv txwv, nce qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 10 ° C nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev los ntawm 3-5 zaug, thiab yog tias qhov kub thiab txias yog 10 ° C siab tshaj qhov teev tseg, lub txee lub neej yuav txo los ntawm 1/4 mus rau 1. /2.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov, uas yuav ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis ua rau muaj kuab lom, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg siv kev nyab xeeb.
IV.Real-Time Temperature Control thiab Kho hauv Cold Chain Transport
Hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov chaw xa tshuaj txias thauj khoom, cov tsheb tub yees thiab cov thawv insulated feem ntau yog siv.Rau kev txiav txim loj, cov tsheb tub yees feem ntau raug xaiv los txo cov nqi thauj khoom.Rau kev txiav txim me me, insulated lub thawv thauj khoom yog qhov zoo dua, muab kev yooj yim rau huab cua, tsheb ciav hlau, thiab kev thauj mus los.
- Cov tsheb tub yees: Cov no siv cov cua txias, nrog rau cov tub yees txias tau nruab los tswj qhov kub hauv lub tsheb.
- Insulated Boxes: Cov no siv cov cua txias txias, nrog cov tub yees hauv cov thawv kom nqus tau thiab tso tawm cua sov, tswj qhov kub thiab txias.
Los ntawm kev xaiv txoj kev thauj khoom tsim nyog thiab tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom thaum lub caij txias chain logistics.
V. Huizhou tus kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no
Huizhou tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho, tsim khoom, thiab kev sim cov thawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov tub yees.Peb muab ntau yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev rau xaiv los ntawm, suav nrog:
- EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) Lub thawv rwb thaiv tsev
- EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) Rwb thaiv tsev thawv
- PU (Polyurethane) rwb thaiv tsev thawv
- VPU (Nqus Vaj Huam Sib Luag Insulation) Cov thawv
- Airgel rwb thaiv tsev thawv
- VIP (Nqus Insulated Vaj Huam Sib Luag) Rwb thaiv tsev thawv
- ESV (Enhanced Structural Vacuum) Rwb thaiv tsev thawv
Peb categorize peb lub thawv rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm kev siv zaus: ib leeg-siv thiab reusable rwb thaiv tsev thawv, kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv.
Peb kuj muab ntau yam organic thiab inorganic refrigerants, suav nrog:
- Dej khov qhuav
- Cov tub yees nrog theem hloov pauv ntawm -62 ° C, -55 ° C, -40 ° C, -33 ° C, -25 ° C, -23 ° C, -20 ° C, -18 ° C, -15 ° C C, -12 ° C, 0 ° C, +2 ° C, +3 ° C, +5 ° C, +10 ° C, +15 ° C, +18 ° C, thiab +21 ° C
Peb lub tuam txhab tau nruab nrog lub chaw soj nstuam tshuaj rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm ntau yam tub yees, siv cov cuab yeej xws li DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), viscometers, thiab lub freezers nrog cov cheeb tsam sib txawv.
Huizhou tau tsim cov chaw tsim khoom hauv cheeb tsam loj thoob plaws lub tebchaws kom tau raws li qhov xav tau thoob tebchaws.Peb tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas kub thiab av noo tas li txhawm rau ntsuas kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm peb lub thawv.Peb lub chaw soj ntsuam kuaj tau dhau CNAS (Tuam Tshoj National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment) soj ntsuam.
VI.Huizhou Case Studies
Pharmaceutical Insulation Box Project:
Peb lub tuam txhab tsim reusable rwb thaiv tsev thawv thiab tub yees rau kev thauj mus los.Cov rwb thaiv tsev kub qhov chaw ntawm cov thawv no muaj xws li:
- ≤ -25 ° C
- ≤-20 ° C
-25 ° C rau -15 ° C
-0 ° C txog 5 ° C
-2 ° C txog 8 ° C
-10 ° C txog 20 ° C
Ib-Siv Insulation Box Project:
Peb tsim ib leeg-siv rwb thaiv tsev thawv thiab tub yees rau kev thauj mus los.Qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev kub yog ≤0 ° C, feem ntau yog siv rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb
kev xa khoom.
Ice Pack Project:
Peb lub tuam txhab tsim cov tub yees rau cov khoom thauj tshiab, nrog rau theem hloov pauv ntawm -20 ° C, -10 ° C, thiab 0 ° C.
Cov haujlwm no qhia tau hais tias Huizhou tau cog lus los muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo, txhim khu kev qha rau kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-13-2024